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Chapter Eighteen
Nitya-dharma O Sambandhabhidheya Prayojana (Prameyantar-gata
Bhedabheda-vicara)
Eternal Religion and Sambandha, Abhidheya and Prayojana
(Simultaneous Onenesss and Difference)
Vani-Madhava was a vicious person. Reproached by Vrajanatha, in
his mind he plotted how to harm both Vrajanatha and the babajis.
He met with some thugs and together they decided that when he
returned from Srivasa's courtyard, Vrajanatha would be attacked
at a secluded place near Laksmana-tila. Hearing of this plot,
Vrajanatha decided to visit the saintly elderly babaji only
during the daytime. Also, he would not visit Srivasa's courtyard
every day, and when he did it would be only in the daytime and
accompanied by a bodyguard. Vrajanatha had some tenants. Among
them was an expert fighter named Harisa Doma. Vrajanatha said to
Harisa, "Today a great calamity has fallen upon me. If you help,
I may be protected from it." Harisa replied, "Sir, I will do
whatever you ask. Give the word, and I will kill your enemy."
Vrajanatha said, "Vani-Madhava wants to harm me. I am no longer
able to visit the Vaishnavas in Srivasa's courtyard.
Vani-Madhava plans to have me attacked on the road." Harisa
replied, "Sir how can he attack you when Harisa is there? Know
that this bamboo club will fall on Vani-Madhava Thakura's head.
Sir, take me with you whenever you go to Srivasa's courtyard.
Who can harm you? I can defeat a hundred fighters."
Accompanied by Harisa Doma, Vrajanatha would visit Srivasa's
courtyard only once every two or four days. He could not stay
for long. He could not hear discussions of the spiritual truth.
In his heart he became sad. Ten or twenty days passed in this
way, and then Vani-Madhava died of snakebite. Hearing the news
of Vani-Madhava's death, the Vaishnava Vrajanatha thought, "Is
this fate of a person who hates Vaishnavas?" In his mind he
remembered these words of Srimad Bhagavatam (10.1.38):
"One may die today or after hundreds of years, but death is sure
for every living entity."*
He thought, "No one lives forever. Everyone must die. What
obstacle now stops me from going to Srivasa's courtyard every
day?" That evening at sunset Vrajanatha went to Srivasa's
courtyard and offered dandavat obeisances to the saintly babaji.
He said, "from today on I will visit your feet every day. The
obstacle Vani-Madhava has left this world." The very merciful
babaji was at first silent and thoughtful, unhappy to hear that
a person whose spiritual intelligence was not awakened had died.
Then he said, "It is said (Sri Chaitanya-charitamrta Antya
2.163):
"A person is sure to achieve the results of his fruitive
activities."*
"The soul must go where Lord Krishna sends him. Baba, are you
unhappy at heart?"
Vrajanatha: The only unhappiness in my heart is that for some
days I have not heard the nectar of your teachings. That has
troubled my heart. I wish to hear the remaining teachings of the
Dasa-mula.
Babaji: I am always ready to teach you. Just tell me how far you
have heard and what questions have risen in your mind.
Vrajanatha: What is the name of the pure philosophy Sri Sri
Gaura-kisora taught to the world? Advaita-vada,
Suddhadvaita-vada, Visistadvaita-vada, and Dvaita-vada are the
names of the philosophies taught by the previous acaryas. Did
Sri Gaurangadeva accept one of these philosophies, or did He
teach a different philosophy? In describing the sampradayas, you
said that Sri Gauranga is in the Brahma-sampradaya. Did He teach
the Dvaita-vada of Sri Madhvacarya, or did He teach something
else?
Babaji: Baba, please listen to the eight verse of the
Dasa-mula:
"The entire spiritual and material creation is manifested from
the potency of Lord Hari. The impersonalist idea is an impurity
of the Kali-yuga and it is refuted by the Vedas. The pure truth
taught by the Vedas is the philosophy of acintya-bhedabheda
(simultaneous oneness and difference). By understanding this
truth one eventually attains the perfection of love for the
Supreme Eternal."
The conclusions taught in the Upanisads are called "Vedanta"
(the conclusion of the Vedas). Srila Vyasadeva summarised these
conclusions in a book of four chapters, a book called the
Brahma-sutra or Vedanta sutra. The truly learned people of this
world respectfully accept the authority of this book. The
general conclusion is that the Vedanta-sutra gives a proper
exposition of the truths taught in the Vedas. The different
acaryas have each explained Vedanta-sutra in a way to support
their conclusions. Sri Sankaracarya used the Vedanta-sutra to
support his philosophy of impersonalism (vivarta-vada). He said
that the philosophy of parinama-vada is not correct, for it must
lead to the conclusion that Brahman is not the highest. He
taught a philosophy called vivarta-vada, which is also called
mayavada. To support this philosophy of vivarta-vada, he
collected quotations from all the Vedas. It seems that the
philosophy of parinama-vada must have been popular before his
time. By establishing his vivarta-vada, Sri Sankara suppressed
the parinama-vada. Still, the vivarta-vada is only one of many
theories. Displeased with it, Sri Madhvacarya created the theory
of dvaita-vada. He collected quotes from all the Vedas to
support his theory of dvaita-vada. In the same way Srimad
Ramanujacarya established the Vasistadvaita-vada and collected
quotations from the Vedas to support it. Sri Nimbarka Acarya
established his philosophy of dvaitadvaita-vada and he also
collected many quotes from the Vedas to support it. Sri Visnu
Svami preached the philosophy of suddhadvaita-vada, which he
based on the Vedanta-sutra and the texts of the Vedas. The
mayavada philosophy preached by Sri Sankaracarya is opposed to
the truths of devotional service. Each with his own philosophy,
the four Vaishnava acaryas taught that devotional service is the
highest conclusion. Sriman Mahaprabhu based His philosophy on
all the statements of the Vedas. His philosophy is called
'acintya-bhedabheda" (simultaneous oneness and difference). This
philosophy accepts the basic framework of Madhvacarya's
teachings.
Vrajanatha: What is the parinama-vada?
Babaji: There are two kinds of parinama-vada:
brahma-parinama-vada and shakti-parinama-vada. The
brahma-parinama-vada teaches that Brahman becomes transformed
into the individual souls and the material world. Thus they say
that only Brahman exists, and to support their idea they quote
these words of the Chandogya Upanisad (6.2.1):
"Brahman is one without a second."
This theory may be called 'advaita-vada' (impersonalism). Look.
In this context 'vivarta' and 'parinama' are synonyms. On the
other hand, the philosophy of shakti-parinama-vada declares that
Brahman Himself never becomes transformed. Rather it is
Brahman's inconceivable potency that becomes transformed. The
jiva-shakti becomes transformed into the individual spirit souls
and the maya-shakti becomes transformed into the material world.
If this version of parinama-vada is accepted, Brahman does not
become transformed. The act of transformation is defined in
these words:
"Transformation is when something appears to be what it is
not."
What is transformation? Transformation is when something appears
to be different that what is it. Milk becomes transformed into
yoghurt. It is still milk in essence. It only appears to be
something else. That is transformation. According to the
brahma-parinama-vada, the individual spirit souls and the
material world are both transformations of Brahman. This idea is
not correct. Of this there is no doubt. The impersonal Brahman
has no qualities. Therefore it has nothing that could be
transformed into something else. Therefore it cannot be said to
be the origin of transformations. Therefore the
brahma-parinama-vada theory is not good. On the other hand, the
shakti-parinama-vada does not have these defects. According to
shakti-parinama-vada, Brahman is not transformed. Rather it is
Brahman's potency, which can do any impossible thing, that is
transformed into the atomic individual souls and into the
perverted reflection that is the material world. When Brahman
desires, "Let the individual souls come into existence",
numberless souls are manifested from His potency. When Brahman
desires, "Let the material world come into existence", material
universes without limit are manifested from His potency. These
things are not transformations of Brahman. If someone says, "If
Brahman has a desire, then Brahman is transformed. The desire
itself is a transformation of the original desireless Brahman.
How is it possible that Brahman can be transformed in this way?"
then I reply, "You are assuming that Brahman's desire is like
the desires possessed by the individual spirit souls. That is
why you say Brahman's desire is evidence that Brahman becomes
transformed. The individual spirit soul is very small, and
therefore his desire naturally touches Brahman's other
potencies. For this reason the soul's desires are actually
transformations. However, Brahman's desires are completely
independent. They are part of His intrinsic nature and are not
subjected to outside influences. They are at once the same as
and different from His potencies. Therefore Brahman's desires
are part of His original nature. They do not involve any
transformations. Ordered by His desires, His potencies act. His
potencies then become transformed. The living entity's small
intelligence does not have the power to discover these subtle
truths unaided. These truths are known only by hearing the
testimony of the Vedas. Now we may consider the nature of the
transformation of the potency. The example of milk being
transformed into yoghurt is not the only example to show the
transformation of potency. Although material analogies cannot
give one a complete understanding of spiritual realities, they
can help one understand certain aspects of it. Even though it is
material in nature, a cintamani jewel is said to produce many
other jewels within itself being changed in any way. The
Spiritual Supreme Personality of Godhead creates in a way like
that. The Supreme Personality of Godhead remains completely
unchanged after creating, by His desire and with the aid of His
inconceivable potency, the numberless individual souls and
numberless material universes consisting of fourteen planetary
systems. This explanation that the Supreme is "untransformed"
does not mean that the Supreme exists only as the qualityless
impersonal Brahman. The word 'brahman' means the greatest
(brhat). Therefore the word "brahman" directly refers to the
eternal Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is the master of six
opulences. If we only say that He is 'untransformed' and do not
say anything else about Him, we do not accept His cit-shakti
(spiritual potency). The truth is that by the power of His
inconceivable potency, He is simultaneously the qualityless
Brahman, and the Supreme Person who possesses a host of
spiritual qualities. Therefore to say only that He is
'untransformed' means to understand only half of His nature, and
thus not understand Him in full. The Vedas have used the
instrumental (by), ablative (from), and locative (in) cases to
describe His relationship with the material world. In the
Taittiriya Upanisad (3.1.1) it is said:
"Please know that Brahman is He from whom all living beings are
born, by whose power they remain alive, and into whom they enter
at the end."
When it is said that the living beings are manifested from
Brahman, the ablative case is used. When it is said that the
living beings live by Brahman's power, the instrumental case is
used. When it is said that the living beings enter into Brahman,
the locative case is used. In this way it is said that the
Supreme has qualities. This shows that He is the Supreme Person,
for it is a person that has qualities. Srila Jiva Gosvami
describes the Supreme Person in these words:
"The Absolute Truth is one. Still, by His inconceivable potency
He is manifested in four ways: 1. svarupa (His original form),
2. tad-rupa-vaibhava (His incarnations), 3. jiva (the individual
spirit souls), and 4. pradhana (the material energy). These four
features are like: 1. the interior of the sun planet, 2. the
sun's surface, 3. the sunlight, and 4. the reflection of the
sun."
This example of course, explains only a small part of the Lord's
nature. His svarupa (original form) is His form of eternity,
knowledge and bliss. His svarupa-vaibhava (manifestations of His
form) are His spiritual abode, name, associates and
paraphernalia. The jiva-shakti is the abode of the numberless
eternally liberated and conditioned individual souls, who are
tiny particles of spirit. The pradhana is the material world of
subtle and gross material elements. As these four features are
eternal, so the oneness of the Absolute Truth is also eternal.
Someone may ask: "How is it possible that the Lord is eternally
manifest in these four ways, but still is eternally one? Is it
not a contradiction that He is both one and many
simultaneously?" To this the answer is given: The intelligence
of the individual living entities will certainly declare that it
is impossible. But why should it not be possible? The
intelligence of the individual living entity is very small and
limited, and, on the other hand, the powers of the Supreme
Personality of Godhead are beyond human conception. Therefore,
for the Lord it is not impossible.
Vrajanatha: How do you define 'vivarta-vada"?
Babaji: In the Vedas there is description of transformation
(vivarta), but that description is not at all like what has
become known as the 'vivarta-vada'. Sri Sankaracarya has used
the words 'vivarta' and 'vivarta-vada' to mean 'maya-vada' (the
philosophy of impersonalism). The true meaning of the word
'vivarta' is given in these words:
"The word 'vivarta' means 'misunderstanding the true nature of a
certain thing'."
The individual is a tiny particle of spirit. But when he is
imprisoned in the gross and subtle material body, he becomes
bewildered and thinks, "I am this gross and subtle material
body." Thus he misunderstands his true identity.
"Misunderstanding" is the only definition of 'vivarta' given in
the Vedas. Someone may think, "I am Raghunatha Bhattacarya, the
son of Sanatana Bhattacarya", and someone else may think, "I am
Sadhu Candala, the son of Vise Candala". In this way the
intelligence becomes bewildered. Both of those persons are
individual souls, tiny particles of spirit. They are not
Raghunatha Bhattacarya and Sadhu Candala. Still, they are
bewildered and they think they are identical with the material
body. To mistake a rope for a snake or the glistening on a
seashell's surface for silver are other examples of
misunderstandings (vivartas). By all these examples the Vedas
teach that one should throw far away the idea that he is
identical with the material body. The mayavadis
(impersonalists), however, reject this proper use of the word
'vivarta' and teach a funny theory they called 'vivarta-vada'.
They say that the idea "I am the Supreme" is the true idea, and
the misconception, or vivarta, is the idea "I am an individual
spirit soul". By accepting this kind of ''vivarta-vada" one will
not understand what is the actual truth. The true vivarta-vada
does not at all contradict the shakti-parinama-vada. On the
other hand, the mayavadis (impersonalists') vivarta-vada is only
an object of laughter. The mayavadis' vivarta-vada is of three
kinds: 1. the soul is really Brahman but he becomes bewildered
into thinking that he is an individual soul, 2. the idea that
the individual souls are reflections of Brahman, and 3. the idea
that Brahman takes a nap and dreams that He has become the many
individual souls. None of these are the true vivarta-vada. The
evidence of the Vedas refutes them all.
Vrajanatha: What is this mayavada philosophy? My intelligence
does not understand it.
Babaji: Try to understand it soberly and carefully. The
maya-shakti is a perverted reflection of the svarupa-shakti
(internal potency). The maya-shakti cannot enter the spiritual
world. The maya-shakti is the controller of the material world.
Because he is bewildered by ignorance, the soul enters the
material world. Spiritual things are real and do have an
independent, separate existence. However, the mayavada theory
does not accept the reality of spiritual things. The mayavada
theory declares that the individual soul is actually Brahman,
and it is only by the influence of maya that he thinks he is
different from Brahman. The mayavada theory declares that as
long as he is under maya's influence, the soul thinks he is an
individual soul, but when he becomes free of maya's influence,
the soul learns that he is actually Brahman. The mayavada theory
declares that when maya's influence ceases, the individual
spirit soul also ceases to exist. In this way liberation is
thought to mean nirvana, or the souls merging into the existence
of Brahman. In this way the mayavada theory does not accept the
existence of a pure individual spirit soul, free from maya's
clutches. The mayavada theory also declares that when he
incarnates in the material world, Brahman must take shelter of
maya and accept a body made of matter. Brahman thus does not
have a spiritual form and must accept a form made of matter.
Thus Brahman accepts the different material forms of His
incarnations, descends to the material world, performs very
great deeds, leaves His material form behind, and returns to His
own abode. The mayavadis' offer one kindness to the Supreme
Lord. They say that individual souls and the incarnations of
Brahman have one difference. They say that the individual souls
are dependent on their past karma, are pushed into the gross
material body against their will, and carried along by the
strong current of their past karma, are forced to suffer
old-age, death and re-birth. On the other hand, the Supreme Lord
accepts a material body, material identity, material name,
material qualities, and other material things voluntarily, by
His own will, and by His own will at a certain time He abandons
those material things and becomes again manifest as pure
spiritual consciousness. Although He performs activities, the
Lord is not forced to accept the karmic results of those
actions. All these are the mistaken conclusions of the
mayavadis.
Vrajanatha: Do the Vedas give any evidence to support the
mayavada philosophy?
Babaji: No. In no place do the Vedas teach the mayavada
philosophy. Actually, the mayavada philosophy is identical with
Buddhism. In the Padma Purana Lord Shiva tells Parvati:
"The mayavada philosophy is impious. It is covered Buddhism. My
dear Parvati, in the form of a brahmana in Kali-yuga I teach
this imagined mayavada philosophy."*
Vrajanatha: O master, why did Lord Shiva, who is the best of
Vaishnavas and the leader of the demigods, do such a wicked
deed?
Babaji: Lord Shiva is a guna-avatara of the Supreme Personality
of Godhead. At one time the demons had taken to following the
path of devotion in order to fulfil their own sinful lusty
desires. Seeing this the merciful Supreme Personality of
Godhead, concerned for the benefit of the true, sincere devotees
decided to deter the demons from following the path of devotion.
With this in mind, He called for Lord Shiva and told him, O
Shiva, that the demons in the mode of ignorance are now
preaching the path of pure devotional service is not good for
the world. Please write a book to bewilder the demons. Conceal
the truth about Me and preach the mayavada, impersonal
philosophy. The demons will then leave the path of pure
devotional service and take shelter of impersonalism. That will
be very pleasing to My genuine pure devotees. Of this there is
no doubt. The great Vaishnava Shiva unhappily accepted this
order of the Supreme Lord. However, he placed the Lord order on
his head and obediently preached the mayavada philosophy. How
can there be any fault, then, for Lord Shiva, the spiritual
master of the entire world?
Vrajanatha: For the good of all the conditioned souls, the
Supreme Personality of Godhead turns the wheel of the material
world of birth and death. The Sudarsana-cakra He holds in His
hand brings only good. His order brings only good. The servant's
duty is to carry out his master's order. Therefore the pure
Vaishnavas do not blame Lord Shiva for descending as
Sankaracarya and preaching the mayavada philosophy. Now I will
recite the scripture evidence for all this. Please listen. In
the Padma Purana the Supreme Lord tells Shiva:
"O Shiva, because you worship Me, I will always give My
blessings to you. In Kali-yuga, mislead the people in general by
propounding imaginary meanings of the Vedas to bewilder them. In
this way conceal Me and make people turn away from Me."
In the Varaha Purana the Supreme Lord tells Shiva:
"O mighty-armed Shiva, please write books filled with lies, and
thus bewilder the people.
"O might-armed one, please preach a collection of lies. Place
yourself in the forefront, and conceal Me."
Babaji: Do any Vedic passages refute the mayavada theory?
Vrajanatha: All the Vedas refute the mayavada theory. Searching
through all the Vedas, the mayavadis have found four statements
to buttress their argument, and these they call maha-vakyas (the
great statements of the Vedas). These four statements are
(Chandogya Upanisad 3.14.1):
"Everything is Brahman."
Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad 4.4.19 and Katha Upanisad 2.1.11:
"Nothing is different from Brahman."
Aitareya Upanisad 1.5.3:
"Brahman is consciousness."
Chandogya Upanisad 6.8.7:
"O Svetaketu, you are that."
Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad 1.4.10:
"I am Brahman".
What does the first of these maha-vakyas teach? It teaches that
the material world and the individual souls are all Brahman,
that there is nothing but Brahman. What is the nature of
Brahman? That is explained in another place in the Vedas. In the
Svetasvatara Upanisad (6.8) it is said:
"The Supreme Lord has nothing to do. Nothing is equal to Him or
greater than Him. He acts in different phases by manifesting His
parts and parcels which are all simultaneously differently
situated by His unlimited, variegated potencies. Each potency
acts quite naturally in sequences, providing Him full knowledge,
power and pastimes."*
In these words Brahman and Brahman's potency are accepted as
one. Here it is said that the potency is the property
(svabhaviki) of Brahman, and it is also said that the potency is
manifested in many different ways (vividha). Because the potency
and the master who possesses the potency are not different, it
may certainly be said that nothing is different from Brahman.
However, when we look at the material world, we can also see
that in another sense Brahman and His potency are certainly
different. In the Vedas (Katha Upanisad 2.13 and Svetasvatara
Upanisad 6.10) it is said:
"The Supreme Lord is eternal and the living beings are eternal.
The Supreme Lord is cognisant and the living beings are
cognisant. The difference is that the Supreme Lord is supplying
the necessities of life for the many other living
entities."*
In these words of the Vedas variety is accepted as an eternal
fact. In the other passages of the Vedas (Svetasvatara Upanisad
6.8) the Lord's potency and His knowledge, power, and pastimes
are also considered, in one sense, to be different from
Him.
Now let us consider these words of Aitareya Upanisad
(1.5.3):
"Brahman is consciousness."
Here is it said that Brahman is identical with consciousness.
The nature of consciousness is described in these words of
Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad (4.4.21):
"A wise man who understands the Supreme falls in love with
Him."
Here the word 'prajna' does not mean merely 'consciousness'.
Here it means 'love and devotion'.
Now let us consider these words of Chandogya Upanisad
(6.8.7):
"O Svetaketu, you are that."
These words supposedly teach that the Supreme Lord and the
individual spirit soul are identical. However, the proper
explanation of these words is found in this passage from the
Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad (3.8.10):
"He is a miserly man who does not solve the problems of life as
a human and who thus quits this world like the cats and dogs,
without understanding the science of self-realisation."*
The words 'tat tvam asi' therefore actually mean "He who has
attained devotion to the Lord is a true brahmana."
Now let us consider these words of Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad
(1.4.10):
"I am Brahman".
Some thinkers say that the knowledge described in these words
does not culminate in devotional service as its final
attainment. This idea is criticised by these words of Isa
Upanisad (mantra 9):
"Those who engage in the culture of nescient activities shall
enter into the darkest region of ignorance. Worse still are
those engaged in the culture of so-called knowledge."*
These words mean that persons who are ignorant and do not know
that they are pure spirit souls enter into terrible blinding
darkness. However, they who, even though they become free from
that ignorance, foolishly think that the individual soul is
Brahman and not a tiny particle of spirit, enter into an even
more terrible blinding darkness of ignorance. O baba, the Vedas
are like an ocean that has no shore. One should carefully study
each mantra of each Upanisad and then one should study the
Upanisads together as a whole. In that way one will understand
the true meaning of the Vedas. However, if one only studies a
few passages here and there, the conclusion he gets at the end
will be horrible and wrong. Therefore, after carefully studying
all the branches of the Vedas, Sriman Mahaprabhu taught the
final conclusion: that the individual spirit souls and the
material world are simultaneously, inconceivably one and
different from the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
Babaji: Please explain to me more clearly how this philosophy of
inconceivable simultaneous oneness and difference is the true
teaching of the Vedas.
Vrajanatha: In the Chandogya Upanisad (3.14.1) it is said:
"Everything is Brahman."
In the Chandogya Upanisad (7.25.2) it is said:
"The Supreme Soul is everything."
In the Chandogya Upanisad (6.2.1) it is said:
"In the beginning only the Supreme existed. There was none but
Him."
In the Svetasvatara Upanisad (5.4) it is said:
"As the sun shines in all directions: above, below and across,
so the glorious Supreme Personality of Godhead rules all
creatures."
These passages describe the oneness part of simultaneous oneness
and difference.
In the Taittiriya Upanisad (2.1) it is said:
"One who understands the Supreme, attains the Supreme."
In the Katha Upanisad (1.2.22 and 2.1.4) it is said:
"A wise man who meditates on the all-pervading Supreme Soul
never laments."
In the Taittiriya Aranyaka, First Anuvaka, it is said:
"Brahman is limitless, eternal and all-knowing. A person who
knows that Brahman stays both in the spiritual sky and in the
hearts of all creatures attains Brahman. He associates with the
all-knowing Brahman. All his desires are fulfilled."
In the Svetasvatara Upanisad (3.9) it is said:
"There is no truth superior to that Supreme Person because He is
the supermost. He is smaller than the smallest and He is greater
than the greatest. He is situated as a silent tree, and He
illumines the transcendental sky, and as a tree spreads its
roots, He spreads His extensive energies."*
In the Svetasvatara Upanisad (6.16) it is said:
"The Supreme Person is fully aware of everything. He is the
Supersoul, the master of all transcendental qualities."*
In the Katha Upanisad (2.23) and the Mundaka Upanisad (3.2.3) it
is said:
"The Supreme Lord is attained only by one who He Himself
chooses. To such a person he manifests His own form."*
In the Svetasvatara Upanisad (3.19) it is said:
"Learned transcendentalists explain that God is the greatest,
the original person."*
In the Isa Upanisad (mantra 8) it is said:
"The Supreme Personality of Godhead has been fulfilling
everyone's desires since time immemorial."*
In the Kena Upanisad (3.6 and 3.10) it is said:
"I do not understand who this yaksa is."
In the Taittiriya Upanisad (2.7) it is said:
"In the beginning only the Supreme existed. From Him everything
was born. Then He personally appeared within the world. That is
why He is called 'sukrta' (the creator)."
In the Katha Upanisad (2.13) and the Svetasvatara Upanisad
(6.13) it is said:
"Of all eternal beings one is the most important."
In the Mandukya Upanisad (mantra 2) it is said:
"The Supreme soul is the greatest. He is everything. He
manifests in four forms."
In the Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad (2.5.14) it is said:
"All living beings find that the Supreme Person is sweet like
nectar."
In these and countless other passages, the Vedas declare that
the individual souls are eternally different from the Supreme.
Every part of the Vedas is beautiful and good. No part should be
rejected. That the individual souls are eternally different from
the Supreme is the truth. That the individual souls are
eternally non-different from the Supreme is also the truth. Both
are true simultaneously. All the Vedas declare that difference
and non difference are both true. This simultaneous difference
and non difference is inconceivable, beyond the power of human
intelligence to understand. Applying material logic to
understand it will bring only confusion. What the Vedas speak is
always the truth. The Vedas' statements should not be rejected
merely because they are beyond the understanding of our tiny
human intelligence. In the Katha Upanisad (1.2.9) it is
said:
"Ordinary material logic cannot be used to disprove the truths
taught by the Vedas."
In the Kena Upanisad (2.2) it is said:
"I do not think, 'I do not know anything about the Supreme'.
Neither do I think, 'I know everything about the
Supreme'."
In these passages the Vedas declare that the Lord's potency is
inconceivable. Therefore material logic is not the proper tool
with which to understand the Lord's potency. In the Mahabharata
it is said:
"The Puranas, Manu-samhita, the Vedas with all their limbs and
the science of Vedic medicine are the words of the Supreme
Personality of Godhead. They are His commands. Material logic
cannot refute them."
Thus simultaneous oneness and difference is the pure truth, the
conclusion taught by the Vedas. When one considers the final
goal and need of all individual souls, he will see that there is
no conclusion but simultaneous oneness and difference. When one
understands this truth of simultaneous oneness and difference,
he will see that the difference between the soul and the Supreme
is eternal. Without understanding this difference, the
individual soul cannot attain the true goal of life: love for
the Supreme.
Babaji: What evidence from scripture and logic shows that love
for the Supreme is the final goal of life?
Vrajanatha: The Vedas (Mundaka Upanisad 3.1.4) declare:
"The Supreme Person is the life of all that live. One who knows
Him is not eager to talk of other things. Such a person loves
the Lord, always remembers the Lord's pastimes, and is active in
the Lord's service. He is the best of transcendentalists."
In the Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad (2.4.5 and 4.5.6) it is
said:
"Every living being loves others not to please them, but to
please himself."
These words of Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad show that love is the
individual soul's primary need and goal. Baba, love for the
Supreme is described in many passages of the Vedas and the
Srimad Bhagavatam. It is clearly described in these words of the
Taittiriya Aranyaka, Seventh Anuvaka:
"Who could live, who could breathe, if he did not find pleasure
in his heart? Living in the heart, the Supreme Personality of
Godhead gives pleasure to all living beings."
Happiness is a state of being created by love. All spirit souls
strive to find pleasure. Persons striving for liberation think
liberation will bring them pleasure. That is why they are mad
after liberation. Materialists think material sense objects will
bring them pleasure. That is why they chase after sense objects.
The hope for pleasure pushes the living entity into action. The
devotees act so they can find pleasure in service to Lord
Krishna. Thus all living entities are searching for pleasure and
for love. For the sake of pleasure and love they are even
willing to give up their bodies. The conclusion is this:
everyone sees pleasure and love as their final goal,, their true
need. No one will deny it. One may be an atheist, one may be a
theist, one may be a proponent of fruitive work (karma-vadi),
one may be an impersonalist (jnana-vadi), one may be a hedonist
(kami), one may be an ascetic (niskami), all living entities are
searching for pleasure and love. All search for pleasure and
love, but not everyone finds it. The proponents of fruitive work
think they will find pleasure and love in Svargaloka. However,
the Bhagavad-gita (9.21) says of them:
"When they have thus enjoyed heavenly sense pleasure, they
return to this mortal planet again. Thus, through the Vedic
principles, they achieve only flickering happiness."*
This means that eventually they must fall down from Svargaloka.
In this way their plan to enjoy becomes frustrated. When a
person fails to find true pleasure in the wealth, children,
fame, power, and other things available in the world of human
beings, he begins to desire the pleasures available in
Svargaloka. When he must fall from Svargaloka he realises that
the pleasures available there are not very valuable. Then he
sees that the pleasures of the human worlds, of Svargaloka, and
of the highest material planets, even up to the planet of the
demigod Brahma, are all temporary. Then he begins to search for
impersonal. When he finally attains impersonal liberation, he
sees that there is not real pleasure in that either. Then he
searches for another path to follow. How is it possible to find
either pleasure or love in impersonal liberation? If a person's
sense of identity is annihilated, how can he enjoy any pleasure?
Or if everything becomes one, how can he enjoy any pleasure? Who
will exist to experience the pleasure? If I lose my identity,
who will exist to experience Brahman? The statement "Pleasure
exists in impersonal liberation" has no meaning, for no one
exists to experience the pleasure. In impersonal liberation does
pleasure exist, or does it not exist? What is the conclusion? If
my personal identity is destroyed, then everything about me is
destroyed. What remains of me, that I can experience the
attainment of a goal or the fulfilment of a need? In impersonal
liberation I do not exist. I do not exist at all. If someone
says, "In impersonal liberation I exist as Brahman", then
Brahman does not perform any action. Is it not so? If I become
Brahman eternally, then there is nothing for me to attain, and
therefore I need not perform any action. Therefore in impersonal
liberation is not the way to attain pleasure or love. Actually
impersonal liberation does not exist. It is only a trick played
on the individual soul. It is a flower imagined to float in the
sky. Devotional service is the only method by which the
individual souls can attain the true goal of their live and
fulfil their true needs. The final stage of devotional service
is love and pleasure. That love and pleasure are eternal. Pure
Krishna is eternal, and pure love for Him is also eternal.
Therefore, when one accepts the truth of inconceivable oneness
and difference, he can attain the eternal perfection of true
love. If there is no simultaneous oneness and difference, then
the eternal spiritual love that is the soul's true goal and need
becomes not-eternal. That non-eternality attacks the love and
destroys it. Therefore all Vedic scriptures confirm that
simultaneous inconceivable oneness and difference is the true
conclusion. All other conclusions are meaningless
speculations.
Plunged into an ocean of bliss as again and again he thought
about the meaning of spiritual love, Vrajanatha walked
home.
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